Land Reforms in Jammu & Kashmir: Lawrence Settlement, Glancy Commission and Agrarian Reforms
Land reforms in Jammu and Kashmir evolved through a series of settlements, tenancy laws and political reforms. This article explains the Lawrence Settlement, occupancy rights, Tenancy Act of 1923, Glancy Commission, proprietary rights and the post-1947…
Socio-Economic Conditions under Dogra Rule: Land, Taxation, Begar, Agriculture and Crafts
The socio-economic history of Dogra Jammu and Kashmir was shaped by agriculture, land revenue, taxation, begar, crafts and trade. This article examines agrarian relations, the shawl economy, famine, rural society and the reforms that gradually…
Dogra Administration: Institutions, Law, Revenue and Governance in Jammu & Kashmir
Dogra administration transformed Jammu & Kashmir from a ruler-centred princely state into a progressively institutionalized system of courts, departments, revenue records, written laws and limited representative government. This article traces that…
Ranbir Singh and the Administrative Development of Jammu & Kashmir
Maharaja Ranbir Singh transformed the administrative machinery of the Dogra state between 1857 and 1885. This article examines his judicial, revenue, legal, educational, communication and frontier reforms and their significance in the development of…
Dogra Rule in Jammu & Kashmir: Gulab Singh and the Consolidation of the Princely State
Gulab Singh's reign marked the first phase of consolidation of the Jammu & Kashmir princely state created in 1846. This article examines his political rise, establishment of authority in Kashmir, administration, revenue system, frontier challenges, shawl…
Treaty of Amritsar, 1846: Provisions, Territorial Transfer and Historical Significance
The Treaty of Amritsar, signed on 16 March 1846 between the British Government and Gulab Singh, established the legal foundation of the Dogra princely State of Jammu and Kashmir. Learn its territorial, financial and political provisions and understand…
First Anglo-Sikh War, Treaty of Lahore and Formation of Jammu & Kashmir in 1846
The First Anglo-Sikh War of 1845–46 transformed the political map of the north-western Himalayas. This article explains the battles, Treaty of Lahore, Gulab Singh's role and the 1846 settlement that led to the formation of the princely State of Jammu and…
Dogra Expansion under Zorawar Singh: Ladakh, Baltistan and Western Himalayan Campaigns
Zorawar Singh's campaigns transformed the territorial reach of Dogra power beyond Jammu into Ladakh and Baltistan and eventually into western Tibet. This article traces the military strategy, political context, trade interests, logistical challenges and…
Gulab Singh and the Rise of Dogra Power: From Jammu Chiefdom to Regional Power
Gulab Singh's rise from a Dogra military chief in the Sikh Empire to Raja of Jammu in 1822 was a gradual process of territorial consolidation, military service and political strategy. This article traces the emergence of Dogra power in Jammu and its…
Sikh Rule in Kashmir: Ranjit Singh, Battle of Shopian and the Administration of Kashmir
Sikh rule in Kashmir began with Ranjit Singh's victory at the Battle of Shopian in 1819 and lasted until 1846. This article examines the conquest, Sikh governors, provincial administration, revenue system, economy and the transition to Dogra rule.