Shah Mir Dynasty: Foundation, Major Sultans and Political Consolidation
The Shah Mir dynasty transformed the political history of Kashmir after 1339. Explore its major sultans, regional expansion, succession struggles, Persianate culture and the influential reign of Zain-ul-Abidin.
Rinchen, Kota Rani and the Political Transition to Muslim Rule in Kashmir
The transition to Muslim rule in Kashmir was a gradual political process rather than a single event. This article examines Rinchana's rise and conversion, Kota Rani's final rule and Shah Mir's establishment of sustained Muslim dynastic rule in 1339.
Islam in Medieval Kashmir: Early Contacts, Migration, Settlement and Islamization
Islam's presence in Kashmir preceded the establishment of Muslim political rule in 1339. This article traces early Muslim contacts, migration, settlement, Rinchen's conversion, Shah Mir's rise and the gradual, multi-causal process of Islamization.
Lohara Dynasty in Kashmir: Rulers, Political Developments and Decline
The Lohara Dynasty shaped Kashmir's political history from the early eleventh century, beginning with Sangramaraja after Queen Didda. Explore its rulers, succession struggles, Damara politics, Harsha's crisis, Jayasimha's stabilization and the dynasty's…
Queen Didda and the Lohara Dynasty: Power, Politics and the Transition to Lohara Rule
Queen Didda was one of the most influential political figures of late 10th-century Kashmir. This article examines her regency, direct rule, court politics, political patronage and the succession of her nephew Sangramaraja that established Lohara rule in…
Post-Utpala Kashmir: Political Fragmentation, Yashaskara, Parvagupta and Kshemagupta
The post-Utpala period transformed Kashmir's political structure through succession struggles, ministerial power and regional alliances. Learn how Yashaskara, Parvagupta and Kshemagupta shaped the path toward Didda and the Lohara transition.
Shankaravarman and the Later Utpala Period: Expansion, Fiscal Pressure and Political Instability
Shankaravarman transformed Utpala Kashmir from internal consolidation toward military expansion. This article examines his frontier campaigns, fiscal extraction, temple wealth, Shankarapura and the political pressures that shaped the later Utpala period.
Utpala Dynasty in Kashmir: Avantivarman, Suyya and the Agrarian-Hydraulic Transformation
The Utpala dynasty emerged in Kashmir under Avantivarman around 855 CE. Explore Suyya's hydraulic works, agricultural recovery, Avantipura, temple patronage and the economic transformation of early medieval Kashmir.
Karkota Architecture and Cultural Development: Martand, Parihaspura and Early Medieval Kashmir
The Karkota period transformed Kashmir's architectural landscape through monumental temples, Buddhist monasteries, stupas and royal foundations. This article examines Martand, Parihaspura and the distinctive architectural and cultural traditions that…
Lalitaditya Muktapida: Conquests, Kashmir’s Political Expansion and Historical Assessment
Lalitaditya Muktapida was the most prominent ruler of the Karkota dynasty and transformed Kashmir's political reach in the eighth century. This article examines his campaigns, Tang diplomacy, Martand and Parihaspura while separating historically…