Afghan and Sikh Rule in Kashmir: Comparative Socio-Economic Conditions, Taxation and Crafts
2 Comments on Afghan and Sikh Rule in Kashmir: Comparative Socio-Economic Conditions, Taxation and Crafts
Afghan and Sikh rule transformed Kashmir's political economy between 1752/53 and 1846. This comparative study examines agriculture, taxation, shawls, crafts, trade, begar and the socio-economic consequences of the transition in 1819.
Shankaravarman and the Later Utpala Period: Expansion, Fiscal Pressure and Political Instability
Shankaravarman transformed Utpala Kashmir from internal consolidation toward military expansion. This article examines his frontier campaigns, fiscal extraction, temple wealth, Shankarapura and the political pressures that shaped the later Utpala period.