Socio-Economic Conditions under Dogra Rule: Land, Taxation, Begar, Agriculture and Crafts
The socio-economic history of Dogra Jammu and Kashmir was shaped by agriculture, land revenue, taxation, begar, crafts and trade. This article examines agrarian relations, the shawl economy, famine, rural society and the reforms that gradually…
Afghan and Sikh Rule in Kashmir: Comparative Socio-Economic Conditions, Taxation and Crafts
Afghan and Sikh rule transformed Kashmir's political economy between 1752/53 and 1846. This comparative study examines agriculture, taxation, shawls, crafts, trade, begar and the socio-economic consequences of the transition in 1819.
Zain-ul-Abidin: Governance, Economic Recovery, Cultural Patronage and Social Policy
Zain-ul-Abidin was a major Shah Mir ruler associated with political stability, agricultural recovery, irrigation, craft development and cultural patronage. His reign also saw the flourishing of Persian learning alongside continued Sanskrit scholarship…
Sultanate Administration and Economy in Medieval Kashmir
The Kashmir Sultanate developed a political and economic system rooted in agriculture, revenue and local power while becoming increasingly connected to the Persianate world. This article examines administration, trade, crafts, irrigation and the economic…